Curriculum
Orthodontics
Fourth Year, BDS
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
7 |
Anchorage in Orthodontics |
1. Define anchorage and understand the basis behind it |
Must know |
1. Different definitions of anchorage according to different authors. |
Desirable to know | ||
. |
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
8 | Orthodontic Appliances- General Concepts
|
1.Definition of orthodontic appliance. 2.Type of removable and Myofunctional 3. The different types of materials like impression material, gypsum products, organic polymer, cement, ceramic and metals, adhesives and bonding agent. |
Must know |
The biological, physical, mechanical, esthetic, hygienic, technical, economic consideration of appliance | Desirable to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
9 | Myofunctional Appliances | Introduction, Definition and Classification of myofunctional appliances. 2.Indications and contraindications. 3.Components of myofunctional appliances. 4.Case selection 5. Removable mainly but few fixed functional appliances.
|
Must know |
1.Mechanism of action of functional appliances and basis behind it.
|
Desirable to know | ||
Fixed Functional Appliances: Herbst and Jasper Jumper
|
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
10 | Extraoral Appliances | 1 .Introduction to Orthodontic Appliances. 2.Definition and Classification of orthopaedic appliances. 2.Basis of Orthopedic appliances. 3.Headgear Application 4. Face mask Application 5. Chin cap
|
Must know |
Headgear in detail: **Indications **Components **Principals of force application **Types of headgears Clinical applications 2.Facemask in detail: ** Indications, Components, and types of facemask 4. Chin cap **Indications, force magnitude
|
Desirable to know | ||
1.Biomechanical Considerations of Facemask and Chin cap. |
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
11 | Fixed Orthodontic Appliances | To cover introduction about fixed orthodontic appliances and merits and demerits
To cover components of fixed appliance in detail about passive and active components of fixed appliances with detail demonstration with model base. |
Must Know |
To differentiate between banding vs bonding with merits and demerits | Desirable to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
12 |
METHODS OF GAINING SPACE |
|
must know
|
|
desirable to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
13 | Expansion in Orthodontics | 1]Introduction and history 2]Classification of appliances 3]Rapid maxillary expansion:anatomy, philosophy, indications contraindications, diagnostic aids , effects of RME , Types of appliances, activation schedule , retention following RME ,and SARPE 4] Slow maxillary expansion: types , appliances used, indications 5]Miscellaneous appliances 6]Difference between RME and slow expansion. |
Must know
|
Description of typical expansion schedule Appliances for mandibular expansion |
Desirable to know
|
||
History of expansion appliances
Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Hybrid expansion appliances
|
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
14 |
EXTRACTION IN ORTHODONTICS |
|
must know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
15 |
TREATMENT PLANNING |
|
Must know |
|
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
16 | Deep Bite | Definition of deepbite 2.Classify deepbite 3. Etiology 4. Diagnosis 5. Management |
Must know |
.Describe and compare normal overbite and deepbite. 2.Dental and skeletal deepbite 3.Features and Effects of deepbite 4. Fixed appliances for management of deepbite
|
Desirable to know n | ||
1.Role of Mini-implants for Intrusion correction |
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
17 |
OPEN BITE |
|
must know
|
Management of open bite |
Desirable to know
|
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
18 |
Management of Class II Malocclusion |
a] Types of Class II malocclusion based on Etiology and Diagnostic criteria: habit induced, functional, morphogenetic
b] Management based on etiology and stage of development: Preventive & Interceptive
|
Must Know
|
c] Management based on etiology and stage of development: Corrective & Surgical
|
Desirable to Know
|
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
19 | Management of Class III Malocclusion | 1]Types of Class III m/o based on Etiology and Diagnostic criteria 2] Types of Class III:True and Pseudo 3]Management based on etiology and stage of development: Growth modulation, camouflage & Surgical correction
|
Must know
|
1.]Conditions or syndromes where class III is a feature
2.]Detail of chincup and facemask |
Desirable to know |
||
1.]Detail of surgical procedures that are used to treat Class III malocclusion.
2.]Camouflage techniques used to treat Class III 3.] Use of mini-implants and zygomatic anchor plates in treatment of Class III .
|
Nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
20 |
PRINCIPAL OF SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS |
|
must know
|
|
nice to know |
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
21 |
Orthodontic Management of Cleft Lip & Palate |
a] Definition, Terminology of different cleft types, their incidence, racial & sex predilection.
b] Embryological background c] Etiology: Genetic, Environmental d] Classification e] Problems faced by cleft patients f] Management: Prenatal counselling, Neonatal care, feeding appliances, Pre surgical orthopedic procedures, Deciduous dentition stage, Mixed dentition stage, Permanent dentition, Adult stage. g] Timing of multidisciplinary procedures & protocol
|
Must Know
|
h] Goslon yardstick | Nice to know | ||
S.No | Name of topic | Teaching Guidelines | Domain |
22 | Retention and Relapse |
1.Definition of retention and relapse
|
Must know |
1.Importance of retention after ortho treatment 3.Different schools of thoughts for retention 4.Factors affecting type and length of retention 5.Types of retention i.e removable and fixed retainers |
Desirable to know | ||
1.Different modes of retention for Deep bite, Open bite, Crowding and Spacing |
Nice to know |
BDS IVth Year
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
1. | General Principles of growth and development
1.Introduction |
1.Importance of studying growth in Orthodontics 2.Knowledge of normal changes that occur in facial complex 3.How growth can be achieved by various measures 4. To Appraise various theories of growth |
1] Defining growth and development 2] Methods of studying growth 3]Methods of gathering data 4]Factors influencing growth 5]Scammon’s and cephalocaudal growth gradient 6]Endochondral and intramembranous ossification 7]Mechanisms of bone growth 8]Principles of growth 9]Wollf’s law of transformation 10]Various theories of growth 11]Difference between primary and secondary cartialage
|
1.Didactic Lecture &ppt
2.Pictorial representation of various growth graphs 3.Giving MCQ questions to students at the end of lecture and then discussing answers with them
|
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
2. | Development of craniofacial structures
Prenatal periods of growth
POSTNATAL GROWTH 1.Postnatal growth of cranial vault and cranial base |
1.Knowledge of basic embryology 2.Understand overview of early weeks of human development . 3.study postnatal growth of face for providing optimal treatment plan. |
PRENATAL GROWTH 1)Introduction 2)Prenatal periods of growth -period of ovum -period of embryo -period of fetus 3)Primordia of craniofacial complex -Fertilization, morula -Bilamellar disk -gastrulation -Trilamellar disk -Formation of neural crest cells -Differentiation of mesoderm -Folding of embryo -Pharyngeal arches and pouches 4)Prenatal development of craniofacial skeleton -Neurocranium- Chondrocranium, desmocranium -Viscerocranium -Prenatal development of neurocranium -Capsules and formation of basal cartilages -Bones of cranial base -Flexure of cranial base -Development of cranial vault -Development of face -Different processes -Prenatal growth of maxilla -Formation of palate- Cleft lip and palate -Prenatal growth of mandible -Meckel’s cartilage -Formation of tongue -Development of TMJ POSTNATAL GROWTH |
1.Didactic Lecture &ppt
2.Video presentation of various stages of development
|
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
3. |
Development Of Dentition and Occlusion- – Introduction -Wolff’s law of transformation of force |
Explain the Developmental stage of Dentition and Occlusion |
Vertical
|
– Group discussion – Quiz – 3 2 1 method -Didactic lecture through Power point Presentation. |
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
4. | Normal and abnormal function of stomagnathic system | To know about Deglutation Mastication Speech Trajectories of force |
Respiration -Deglutation a) Infantile swallow b) Mature -Mastication -Buccinator mechanism -Trajectories of force
|
Didactic lecture with ppt Video presentation |
1 hour |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
5. | Diagnosis
A] Essential Diagnostic Aids B] Case History C] Clinical Examination D]Study Models E] Model Analysis F] Cephalometrics G] Skeletal Maturity Indicators F] Supplemental Diagnostic Aids G] Recent Advances in Diagnostic Techniques
|
1. Classify and Enumerate Essential & Supplemental Diagnostic Aids.
2. List the relevant questions to be asked while recording case history. 3. List the important steps of Clinical examination wrt Orthodontics and the interpretation of the clinical findings 4. Arrive at a Clinical Diagnosis 5. Do a Model Analysis on study models of both mixed & permanent dentition. 6. Do a Cephalometric tracing to measure skeletal & dental deviations from the norm. 7. Discuss and identify the skeletal stages of maturity on a cephalogram.
8. Enumerate supplemental diagnostic aids & know their indications. 9. Have a fair idea of the advances in Digital Imaging. |
a] Definition, Importance & classification of Diagnostic aids
b] Case History recording c ]Clinical examination wrt Orthodontics ( Extra oral & Intraoral examination) d] Impression taking e] Study models f] Model Analyses( Mixed dentition & Permanent dentition model Analyses) g] Cephalometrics: History, importance, Cephalometric Landmarks, Reference planes, Analyses(Downs, Steiner , Tweed) h] Skeletal maturity indicators: Hand wrist & Cervical vertebrae i] Supplemental Diagnostic Aids
j] Recent Advances in Diagnostic Techniques |
1.Didactic Lecture & PPT
2. Model Based Demonstration: Demonstration of Case history taking ,Clinical Examination & study model fabrication during clinical posting for each batch on a variety of cases drawn from the Orthodontic OPD .This will be followed by Top 10 List activity 3. Demonstration: Show parts of an Orthodontic study model and how it can be used for model analysis. Do model analyses on Mixed & permanent dentition study models/ casts during batch wise clinical posting. 3. On Site Activity: Take students to show parts of the Cephalostat & if possible recording of a Cephalogram. 4. Sketch Method: Demonstration of a Lateral Cephalometric tracing and ask students to identify Cephalometric landmarks on the tracing. Demonstration of Cephalometric Analyses during Batch wise Clinical posting. 5. Five word Method to describe the Grading of skeletal maturity on Cephalogram of Growing & non growing patients reflecting the change in shape of Cervical vertebrae with growth.
6. Student Interaction Session Students will be given an OPG Xray and they will point out the important observations that can be made on an OPG Xray. 7. Video showing use of an I/O scanner machine to create Virtual models, Dentofacial Imaging with CT and CBCT.
|
5 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
6. |
Biomechanical Principles in orthodontic tooth movement. A.Biology of Tooth Movement___ B.Mechanics of Tooth Movement
*Introduction
B.Mechanics of Tooth Movement |
1.Introduction to Tooth movement in orthodontics 2.Structure, function and composition of Periodontal ligament. 3.Physiologic tooth movement 4. Theories of orthodontic tooth movement. 5. Histology of tooth movement with mild forces and severe force application. 6. Frontal resorption. 7. Optimum orthodontic tooth movement 8. Stages of orthodontic tooth movement 9. Orthodontic remodelling of bone
1.Definition of Force, Stress and Strain, Center of Resistance, Mass, Couple, Center of rotation, Moment. |
To cover: 1. Role of periodontal ligament in tooth movement 2. Composition of periodontal ligament ( cellular and fibres of periodontal ligament). 3. Physiologic tooth movement ** Tooth movement during mastication ** Tooth movement due to drift of teeth. 4. Theories of tooth movement: ** Pressure tension theory **Blood flow theory **Bone bending theory **Piezoelectric theory. 5. Histology of Tooth movement: ** Changes following light forces ** Changes following Extreme forces 6. Concept of optimum Orthodontic force in tooth movement. 7. Explaining 6 Types of Tooth Movement. 8. Phases of tooth movement: ** Initial phase **Lag Phase **Log Phase
To Cover: |
1.Didactic Lecture &ppt 2.Videos showing different types of tooth movement and role of center of resistance during movement: **Tipping **Bodily **Rotation **Torque ** intrusion ** Extrusion 3.Videos Showing Pressure and Tension areas during tooth movement. 4. Group discussions of force application and underlying mechanics of tooth movement. |
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
7. | Anchorage in Orthodontics | 1.Define anchorage and understand the basis behind it 2. Classification of anchorage and Sources of anchorage. 3. Describe the types of Anchorage in detail. 4. Anchorage preparation in fixed orthodontic cases. 4. Anchorage loss Methods to control it. |
To cover: 1. Different definitions of anchorage according to different authors. 2. Classification of anchorage based on anatomic units, site of anchorage,number of units, and source of anchorage. 3. Sources of anchorage : **Intraoral **Extraoral ** Muscular 4. Types of anchorage 5. Anchorage loss and its importance in detail during treatment |
1.Didactic Lecture &ppt 2. Show models Of various anchorage appliances like TPA, Lingual Arch, Headgear. 3.Videos to demonstrate intraoral anchorage appliances in patients. 4. Group discussions among students to clarify the concept of anchorage.
|
2 hrs
|
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
8. | Orthodontic Appliances– General Concepts -classification of orthodontic Appliances -indication of removable and functional appliance – Methods of force application – materials used in orthodontic appliances – preliminary knowledge of acid etching and direct bonding |
– To know the definition of orthodontic appliance. – To know the removable and myofunctional appliance . – To know the active and passive appliances. – To know the biological, physical, mechanical, esthetic, hygienic, technical, economic consideration of appliance. – To know the component of Removable Appliacne. – To know the different types of materials like impression material, gypsum products, organic polymer, cement, ceramic and metals, adhesives and bonding agent. |
– To cover in detail in Retentive type of clasp, mode of action of clasp like C clasp, Schwarz, Adams, Southend clasp, Duyzing clasp, Delta clasp, Triangular clasp. – To cover in detail the active components like labial bow, springs, screw and elastics, labial bow types- short, long, split, Robert’s retractor, Reverse loop balial bow, Mill’s Retractor, High labial bow with apron springs, Fitted labial bow, Rickett’s retention bow, Soldered labial bow. – To cover in detail types of springs like, Finger spring, , T spring, Z spring. – Detail in screw. – To cover in detail in anterior bite plane, posterior bite plane, Heat cure acrylic, Self cure acrylic, Acrylization using Thermoplastic Sheets, Instructions to patients after delivering the appliance. – To cover in detail in Functional appliance like- Activator, Bionator, Tooth borne passive like Activator, Bionator, Herbst Appliance. – To cover tooth borne active appliance like Bimler’s appliance, Modified Bionator, Kinetor, etc. – To cover in detail tissue borne passive appliance like Frankel. – To cover in detail active tissue borne active appliance like- Lip Bumper, Oral screen. – To cover in detail orthopaedic changes, Dentoalveolar changes and muscular changes. – To know in detail about Alginate- composition, strength, viscoelasticity, dimensional stability, compatibility with gypsum, disinfection of alginate. – To know about Gypsum products, like Impression Plaster 1, Model plaster, Dental stone, Synthetic gypsum. – To know about Setting time, W:P ratio, manipulation of gypsum product. – To know about luting cements like zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, glass inomer cement, resin cement. – To know about composite based adhesive, light cure adhesion, chemical cure adhesion, dual core adhesion. – To cover in detail types of stainless steel like ferrite, martenistic, austenitic. – To cover in detail Welding, Soldering, Flux and Anti-flux. |
– Model Based Demonstration. – Label the diagram ( sketch ) -Group Discussion. |
3 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
9 |
Myofunctional Appliances *Introduction
|
1.Able to Classify myofunctional appliances.
|
To cover:
|
1.Didactic lecture and PPt
|
3 hrs
|
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
11 | Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
|
To list the fixed orthodontic appliances and merits and demerits
Enumerate the components of fixed appliance in detail about passive and active components of fixed appliances with detail demonstration with model base
To differentiate between banding vs bonding with merits and demerits
|
Merits and demerits
Fixed appliance technique
|
Didactec lectures with ppt, Model based demonstration
Live Demonstration of brackets, bands , ligature wires
|
2 hours
|
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
12 |
METHODS OF GAINING SPACE
|
|
|
|
2 hrs
|
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
13 | Expansion in Orthodontics
|
1.Knowledge of importance of expansion in orthodontics 2. How expansion brings desirable dental and skeletal changes 3. Appliances used to bring about expansion 4.Concept of RME 5.Slow maxillary expansion 6. know how slow expansion is different from rapid expansion |
1]Introduction and history 2]Classification of appliances 3]Rapid maxillary expansion:anatomy, philosophy, indications contraindications, diagnostic aids , effects of RME , Types of appliances, activation schedule , retention following RME ,and SARPE 4] Slow maxillary expansion: types , appliances used, indications 5]Miscellaneous appliances 6]Appliances for mandibular expansion 7]Difference between RME and slow expansion. |
1.Showing models of patients who have narrow arches.
2.Demonstration of different types of expansion appliances on models 3.Student interactive session
|
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
14 |
EXTRACTIONS IN ORTHODONTICS
|
|
|
Talk show panel
|
2 hrs |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
15 | Treatment planning |
|
|
|
2 hrs |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
16 | Deep Bite
*Deepbite
|
1.Describe normal overbite and deepbite. 2.Classify deepbite 3. Etiology 4. Diagnosis 5. Management |
To cover: |
1.Didactic lecture and PPt |
3 hrs |
17 |
OPEN BITE
|
Management of open bite |
|
Student interaction Videos Live demonstration 3-2-1 Compare and contrast Didactic lecture Study guide |
2 hrs | ||||
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
||||
18 | Management of Class II Malocclusion A] Etiology B] Classification based on Etiology C] Treatment: Preventive, Interceptive, Corrective & Surgical. |
1.Dicuss the varied etiology of Class II m/o
2. Suggest a suitable treatment plan of a Class II case based on the growth status, growth pattern and Cephalometric findings of the case. 3. Enumerate & Describe various Interceptive Habit breaking & Growth modulating appliances. 4. Know the Indications of various surgical orthodontic techniques for Skeletal ClassII. |
a] Types of Class II malocclusion based on Etiology and Diagnostic criteria: habit induced, functional, morphogenetic
b] Management based on etiology and stage of development: Interceptive, Corrective& Surgical |
1.Didactic lecture & PPT
2. Model Based Demonstration: Show models of Habit breaking appliances, Functional appliances, headgears 3. Outline Method: Student will represent the management of Class II Malocclusion using a Flow chart diagram 4. Quiz: Show visuals of Orthodontic cases and student will tell what will be the best modality of treatment for that case. |
2 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
19 | Management of Class III Malocclusion
1.Introduction |
1.Dicuss the varied etiology of Class IIIm/o 2.Suggest a suitable treatment plan of a Class III case based on the growth status, growth pattern and ceplalometric findings of the case. 3.Know the challenges faced in the treatment 4. Know the Indications of various surgical orthodontic techniques for Skeletal ClassIII |
To cover: 1]Types of Class III m/o based on Etiology and Diagnostic criteria 2] Types of Class III:True and Pseudo 3]Management based on etiology and stage of development: Growth modulation, camouflage & Surgical correction |
1.Ppt discussing features and etiology
2.Show various appliances, chin cup , facemask 3.Video of how these appliances work and bring facial changes 4. Quiz ; Show visuals of Orthodontic cases and student will tell what will be the best modality of treatment for that case. |
1 hour |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
20 | PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS
|
|
|
|
2 hrs |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
21 | Cleft Lip & Palate
A] Incidence & prevalence B]Etiopathogenesis of CLP C] Accepted Terminology and Important Classifications
D] Problems faced by cleft patients E] Management protocol
|
1. Define cleft, be aware of its prevalence in different regions of the world
2. Discuss etiopathogenesis of CLP. 3. Classify cleft types and be familiar with currently accepted terminologies. 4. Describe the Orthodontic management at different stages of dental & jaw development along with multidisciplinary intervention at the suitable time. 5. Understand the problems encountered by Cleft individuals and hence the need for a multi disciplinary approach & the role of the orthodontist. 6. Explain how the Goslon yardstick is used to assess the severity of m/o in a cleft patient and assess the outcome of the treatment rendered. |
a] Definition, Terminology of different cleft types, their incidence, racial & sex predilection.
b] Embryological background c] Etiology: Genetic, Environmental d] Classification e] Problems faced by cleft patients f] Management: Prenatal counselling, Neonatal care, feeding appliances, Pre surgical orthopedic procedures, Deciduous dentition stage, Mixed dentition stage, Permanent dentition, Adult stage. g] Timing of multidisciplinary procedures & protocol
h] Goslon yardstick |
1. Didactic Lecture & PPT.
2.Model Based Demonstration: Show models of cleft cases with arch collapse 3.Live Demonstration: Show cases of Cleft patients being treated by postgraduates in the batchwise clinical postings
4. Site visit: Take students to a Cleft clinic / Speech clinic.
5. Group Discussions on Problems faced by Cleft individuals and the Multi disciplinary approach to manage them. Why the Orthodontist is considered the most suitable person to Coordinate the Multidisciplinary approach. |
3 hours |
S.No |
Topic |
Learning Objectives |
Teaching Guidelines |
Methodology |
Time |
22 | Retention and Relapse
*Introduction
|
.Describe Retention and relapse 2.Causes of relapse 3.Theorems of retention 4.Removable retainers 5.Fixed Retainers
|
To Cover: 1.Definition of retention and relapse 2. Importance of retention after ortho treatment 3.Different schools of thoughts for retention 4.Factors affecting type and length of retention 5.Types of retention i.e removable and fixed retainers |
Didactic lecture and PPT 2.Models demo in class 3. Videos showing fabrication of ortho Hawley retainers. 4. Wire bending demo for retainers 5. Quiz contest 6. Group Discussions |
2 hrs |