Syllabus

Orthodontics

Fourth Year, BDS

S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
1. General Principles of growth and development a] Defining growth and development
b] Methods of studying growth
c]Methods of gathering data
d]Factors influencing growth
e]Scammon’s and cephalocaudal growth gradient
f]Endochondral and intramembranous ossification
g]Mechanisms of bone growth
h]Principles of growth
i]Wollf’s law of transformation
j]Various theories of growth
k]Difference between primary and secondary cartialage

 

  

 

Must know

 

 

 

 

 
Van limborgh’s theory

Neurotropism

 Desirable to know

 

 
Servosystem theory Nice to know
S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
2. Development of craniofacial structures PRENATAL GROWTH
1)Introduction
2)Prenatal periods of growth
-period of ovum
-period of embryo
-period of fetus
3)Primordia of craniofacial complex
-Fertilization, morula
-Bilamellar disk
-gastrulation
-Trilamellar disk
-Formation of neural crest cells
-Differentiation of mesoderm
-Folding of embryo,Pharyngeal arches and pouches
4)Development of face
-Different processes
-Prenatal growth of maxilla
-Formation of palate- Cleft lip and palate
-Prenatal growth of mandible
-Meckel’s cartilage
-Formation of tongue
-Development of TMJ		  

 

Must know

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
    Prenatal development of craniofacial skeleton
-Neurocranium- Chondrocranium, desmocranium
-Viscerocranium
-Prenatal development of neurocranium
-Capsules and formation of basal cartilages
-Bones of cranial base
-Flexure of cranial base
-Development of cranial vault

Syndromes related to specific stage of embryonic development

  

Desirable to know

  

  

Nice to know

 
S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
3. Development Of Dentition and Occlusion Must Know
1.Developmental stage of Dentition and Occlusion
2. Sequence and timing of eruption
3.Discuss various factors influencing the Development of Dentition and Occlusion

4. Postnatal development of predental ,gumpad, and natal and neonatal, deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition

5. Flush terminal plane, mesial step, distal step, early mesial shift, late mesial shift, Leeway’s space, ugly duckling stage
6.To know type of trajectories on maxilla, vertical, horizontal, mandible.
7. To know the Wolff’s Law of transformation of force

  

Must know
S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
4. Stomatognathic System Respiration
-Deglutation
a) Infantile swallow
b) Mature
-Mastication
-Buccinator  mechanism
–		  

Must know
Trajectories of force Desirable to know
S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
5

 

Diagnosis and Diagnostic Aids

  

a] Definition, Importance & classification of Diagnostic aids

b] Case History recording

c]Clinical examination  wrt Orthodontics ( Extra oral & Intraoral examination)

d] Impression taking

e] Study models

f] Model Analyses( Mixed dentition & Permanent dentition model Analyses)

g] Cephalometrics: History, importance, Cephalometric Landmarks, Reference planes, Analyses(Downs, Steiner , Tweed)

h] Skeletal maturity indicators: Hand wrist  & Cervical vertebrae

 

 

 

i] Supplemental Diagnostic  Aids

 

 

  

 

Must know   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Desirable to know
j] Recent Advances in Diagnostic Techniques  

Nice to know

 
S.No Name of topic Teaching Guidelines Domain
6

Biomechanical Principles in orthodontic tooth movement.
Whole chapter will be divided in two parts:

  1. Biology of Tooth Movement___
  2. Mechanics of Tooth Movement

B.Mechanics of Tooth Movement

Extraoral Appliances

Myofunctional  Appliances

Deep Bite

Retention and Relapse

 

 1.Role of periodontal ligament in tooth movement
2. . Physiologic tooth movement
3. Theories of tooth movement
4.  Histology of Tooth movement.

1.Composition of periodontal ligament ( cellular and fibres of periodontal ligament).
2.Physiologic tooth movement
** Tooth movement during mastication
** Tooth movement due to drift of teeth.

3.. Theories of tooth movement:
** Pressure tension theory
**Blood flow theory
**Bone bending theory
**Piezoelectric theory.
4. Histology of Tooth movement:
** Changes following light forces
** Changes following Extreme forces
5.Concept of optimum Orthodontic force in tooth movement.
6. Explaining 6 Types of Tooth Movement.
7. Phases of tooth movement:
** Initial phase
**Lag Phase
**Log Phase

1.Types of moment and countermoment in tooth movement.
2. Role of chemical mediators in tooth movement

1. Definition of Force, Stress and Strain, Center of Resistance, Mass, Couple, Center of rotation, Moment.
2. Types of tooth movement.
3. Types of Force

1.Details of basic concept of force application in tooth movement
2. Types of rotation during tooth movement.



3.Types of Forces:
** Continuous force
**Intermittent Force
**Interrupted force
1.Why Center of resistance is important for tooth movement.
2.Types of bends given for tooth movement and mechanics behind it.

 

  

 

 

 

Must  know

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nice to know

 

 

Must know

 

 

Desirable to know

 

 

 

Nice to know